Neuropathology  Case  Studies
Updated 26/2/13 e-mails : gradanat@fcm.unicamp.br____gradanat@unicamp.br
General and Special Pathology  Neuropathology and Neuroimaging Neuroimaging - Cases Neuroimaging Basics
Alphabetical index (Pathology) Alphabetical index (Neuro) English Homepage Neuro Image Bank
Recent additions This page in Portuguese Site in Portuguese Histopathological  staining  methods
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Vascular Inflammatory Demyelinating Tumors (classified) Tumors (alphabetical) Malformations Others
Tumors
classified

diffuse (low grade) astrocytoma
glioblastoma multiforme
gliosarcoma
granular cell astrocytoma
gliomatosis  cerebri
primary extracerebral meningeal glioma
pilocytic astrocytoma
pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
oligodendroglioma
oligoastrocytoma
ependymoma
tanycytic ependymoma
myxopapillary ependymoma
subependymoma
ependymoblastoma
choroid plexus papilloma
choroid plexus carcinoma
astroblastoma
chordoid glioma of third ventricle
gangliocytoma
ganglioglioma
desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma / ganglioglioma (DIA / DIG)
central neurocytoma
dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT)
glioneuronal tumor
primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)
medulloblastoma
meningioma
hemangiopericytoma
solitary fibrous tumor of meninges
schwannoma
neurofibroma
ganglioneuroma
ganglioneuroblastoma
neuroblastoma
neuroendocrine carcinoma
hemangioblastoma
lymphoma
multiple myeloma / plasmacytoma
histiocytoses
metastases		 craniopharyngioma
epidermoid / dermoid cysts
pituitary adenoma
germinal tumors
pineal parenchymal tumors
chordoma
paraganglioma
bone tumors
leiomyoma
melanocytoma
peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET)
sarcoma
..
Tumors
alphabetical

astroblastoma
bone tumors
central neurocytoma
chordoid glioma of third ventricle
chordoma
choroid plexus carcinoma
choroid plexus papilloma
craniopharyngioma
desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma / ganglioglioma (DIA / DIG)
diffuse (low grade) astrocytoma
dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT)
ependymoblastoma

 

 ependymoma
epidermoid / dermoid cysts
gangliocytoma
ganglioglioma
ganglioneuroblastoma
ganglioneuroma
germinal tumors
glioblastoma multiforme
gliomatosis  cerebri
glioneuronal tumor
gliosarcoma
granular cell astrocytoma
hemangioblastoma
hemangiopericytoma
histiocytoses
leiomyoma
lymphoma		 medulloblastoma
melanocytoma
meningioma
metastases
multiple myeloma / plasmacytoma
myxopapillary ependymoma
neuroblastoma
neuroendocrine carcinoma
neurofibroma
oligoastrocytoma
oligodendroglioma
paraganglioma
peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET)		 pilocytic astrocytoma
pineal parenchymal tumors
pituitary adenoma
pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma
primary extracerebral meningeal glioma
primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET)
sarcoma
schwannoma
solitary fibrous tumor of meninges
subependymal giant cell astrocytoma
subependymoma
tanycytic ependymoma
tumors of pineal region
..
Latest additions: 26th February, 2013.  Table of recent additions.
Each clickable thumbnail  leads to one case.   Please note: all case pages and texts are in Portuguese.
Blue frame  -   case also has a Neuroimaging page, accessible through bottom of  Neuropathology page. 
Undergraduate Course in Neuropathology : macro specimens, slides, images & texts (in Portuguese only)
Undergraduate Course in Neuroimaging
Neuroimaging case studies. 
Correlative Neuropathology - Neuroimaging cases
Alphabetical indexes:  general; neuropathology & neuroimaging. 

Prof. Dr. Luciano de Souza Queiroz (Neuropathologist, Dept. of Pathology),
Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo State, BRAZIL. 
e-mails : gradanat@fcm.unicamp.br____gradanat@unicamp.br
..
VASCULAR  PATHOLOGY   ...Neuroimaging....
For undergraduates: Neuropathology. Neuroimaging. 
Ischemic lesion of  embolic origin Cavernoma of optic pathways and reactive gliosis mimicking pilocytic astrocytoma  Left temporal cavernoma  Left cavernoma of gyrus rectus
Text : vascular malformations of the central nervous system: telangiectasias, cavernomas, AVMs.
Cavernoma of  spinobulbar transition F. 28 yr.  Large occipital cavernoma (cavernous hemangioma).  Macro specimen, HE  Same, Masson's trichrome, immunohistochemistry for CD34 M. 38 yr. Left parietal cavernoma (cavernous hemangioma) extending from ventricle to hemispheric surface. Macro, HE
Same, special stains.  Pictured: organized thrombus Same, IH. Pictured: gliotic nervous tissue among dilated vessels F. 28 yr. Cavernoma of right cingulate gyrus. Surgical specimen under stereomicroscope Same, HE, Masson's trichrome
M. 16 yr. Left frontal cavernoma. Surgical specimen under stereomicroscope Same, HE Same, Masson's trichrome
M. 24 yr. Large embolized arteriovenous malformation. Macro, HE Same, special stains, IH M. 47 yr. Frontal arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Macro, HE Same, special stains
F. 57 yr. Capillary telangiectases  associated with cortical dysplasia. Specimen, HE Same, special stains Same, IH - CD34, GFAP, Ki67 Same, IH - neuronal antigens. Pictured: dysplastic neurons decorated by synaptic boutons.  Comment. 
F. 25 yr. Extradural thoracic capillary hemangioma of ligamentum flavum.  Macro specimen, HE Same, Masson's trichrome Same, IH M. 6 m. Sickle cell disease. Extensive hemorrhagic infarction of cerebellar cortex. 
Sickle cell anemia. Illustrated text (in Portuguese).
M. 58 yr. Basilar artery thrombosis in sickle cell disease. 
Pontine infarction, gross pathology		 Same, HE  -  coagulation and  liquefaction necrosis, sickled red blood cells in basis pontis  Same, basilar artery thrombus under stereomicroscope and in HE stain Same, spleen, liver, kidney, lung, HE
M. 48 yr.  Primary necrotizing vasculitis of central nervous system. In situ view at surgery, HE Same, special stains. Text : primary angiitis of brain
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INFLAMMATORY  DISEASE.  ...Neuroimaging...
For undergraduates:...Neuropathology....Neuroimaging. 
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VIRUSES. ....Neuroimaging....For undergraduates:...Neuropathology....Neuroimaging. 
M. 62 yr.  Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy   (PML), HE (needle biopsy). Pictured - atypical astrocytes  Text M. 50 yr. AIDS, giant cell encephalitis.  Text
...
BACTERIA ...Neuroimaging....For undergraduates:...Neuropathology....Neuroimaging.
M. 12 yr. Cerebral abscess due to Streptococcus intermedius (botryomycosis) M. 34 yr. Neurotuberculosis in  HIV+ patient M. 50 yr.  AIDS, mycobacteriosis of abdominal lymph nodes M. 30 yr. Lepromatous leprosy of sural nerve. HE, special stains, IH
...
FUNGI ..Neuroimaging....For undergraduates:...Neuropathology....Neuroimaging.
M. 63 yr. Paracoccidioidomycoma of cerebellopontine angle. HE.  Pictured : Paracoccidioides brasiliensis in giant cells  Same,  plain Grocott, Grocott  + HE Same, Grocott + hematoxylin Same, plain PAS,
PAS + hematoxylin
M. 49 yr. Cerebellar abscess by the fungus Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. HE  Double membrane yeasts, multiple budding Same, Grocott + hematoxylin Same, Grocott + light green, PAS + hematoxylin M. 71 yr. Cerebellar abscess caused by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis. Smear : HE, Grocott, Papanicolaou
Same, cell block : HE, Grocott
M. 38 yr.  Mucormycosis of nasal cavity, orbit and brain. HE Same, special stains : Grocott + hematoxylin, Grocott  + HE Same, Grocott + light green, PAS + hematoxylin. Text
M. 54 yr.  Cerebral histoplasmosis. Gross brain pathology. Exudative and hemorrhagic lesions in third ventricle Same, HE, third ventricle lesions. Histoplasma capsulatum fungi in macrophage phagosomes Same, HE,  gliotic / fibrotic lesion at anterior commissure  (detected on MRI 6 months previously) Same, HE, necrotic calcified nodule at right anterior horn of lateral ventricle (also visible on MRI 6 months previously)
Case summary,  text. 
Same, HE,  fourth ventricle and leptomeningeal lesions - vasculitis, ependymitis, radiculitis Same, Masson's trichrome.  Fibrosis of basal leptomeninges Same, techniques for fungi - Grocott + HE, Grocott + light green, PAS Same, IH for inflammatory cells : CD68, HAM-56, CD3, CD20
Same, IH for nerve tissue : GFAP, NF (pictured - axons among fungi-filled macrophages) Same, electron microscopy
For cryptococcosis - see  Undergraduate course
See also cerebral aspergillosis  (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) and chromomycosis (1) (2) (3)
..
PROTOZOA ...Neuroimaging....For undergraduates:...Neuropathology....Neuroimaging.
M. 50 yr. AIDS - Cerebral toxoplasmosis M. 35 yr. Neurotoxoplasmosis in  HIV+ patient M. 43 yr.  Neurotoxoplasmosis in  HIV+ patient 
....
METAZOA ...Neuroimaging....For undergraduates:...Neuropathology....Neuroimaging.
M. 49 yr. Spinal racemose cysticercosis  (intradural, extramedullary cysts) M. 35 yr. Giant cysticercus cellulosae of right cerebral hemisphere. Macro, HE, toluidin blue Same, electron microscopy of cysticercus external membrane Same , inflammatory reaction to parasite, HE, IH.
F. 67 yr. Necrotic cysticercus cellulosae of cerebral hemisphere - reactional changes in brain tissue. Macro, HE
M. 32 yr. Cerebral
schistosomiasis		 F. 37 yr. Spinal cord schistosomiasis F. 19 yr. Spinal cord schistosomiasis.  Massive infestation and cord necrosis - HE Same, special stains
M. 67 yr. Echinococcosis of the central nervous system. Post mortem examination Same, scanned microscopical slides Same, histology, text
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OTHERS ...Neuroimaging....
F. 33 yr. Lymphocytic hypophysitis  masquerading as macroadenoma. HE, IH, text F. 54 yr. Cerebro-spinal sarcoidosis. HE, special stains. Text : systemic and CNS sarcoidosis Same, IH  
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DEMYELINATING DISEASES....Neuroimaging.......Image bank 
Pseudotumoral multiple sclerosis. Scanned microscopical slides, 
HE histology		 Same, IH.  F. 13 yr.  Severe multiple sclerosis in early adolescence.  Two-year follow up. HE Same, IH. 
F. 48 yr.  Pseudotumoral demyelinating lesion of   cerebral hemispheric white matter. HE Same, IH.  Same, IH.  Central pontine myelinolysis. Stereotaxic biopsy. Text
F. 49 yr. Pseudotumoral demyelinating lesions in right cerebral hemisphere. HE Same, IH. 
..
TUMORS
DIFFUSE  ASTROCYTOMA    ...Neuroimaging....
For undergraduates: Neuropathology.Neuroimaging.
Low grade diffuse astrocytoma  (OMS grade II) in cerebral hemisphere  (classical case) Low grade diffuse astrocytoma infiltrating from temporal lobe through thalamus (gliomatosis cerebri)  Low grade diffuse astrocytoma in left cerebral hemisphere Diffuse astrocytoma of brain stem
Anaplastic
gemistocytic
astrocytoma (WHO grade III)		 Anaplastic astrocytoma  of corpus callosum infiltrating from  hippocampus to hypothalamus via fornix. HE, IH Diffuse astrocytoma of  thalamus with anaplastic foci. HE, IH. Pictured: high proportion of positive nuclei  for p53.  F. 11 yr.  F. 30 yr. Low grade frontal astrocytoma with early anaplasia. Surgical specimen, HE 
Same, IH
GLIOBLASTOMA MULTIFORME
...Neuroimaging....		 For undergraduates:   Neuropathology. Neuroimaging. 
Glioblastoma multiforme with unusual presentation and rapid  course Classical glioblastoma multiforme Giant cell glioblastoma  Same, site of surgery after 8 months
Glioblastoma multiforme of  pontine tegmentum Glioblastoma multiforme of cerebellum Same, IH Temporoparietal glioblastoma. HE, special stains
Same, IH F. 59 yr.  Classical temporal glioblastoma multiforme; 9 months later, radiation necrosis.  F. 27 yr. Giant cell glioblastoma. Smear, frozen sections Same, paraffin, HE
Case summary.  Text : Giant cell glioblastoma
Same, IH : GFAP, VIM, S-100, NF Same, IH : CD34, Ki67, p53 Same, Araldite embedded, toluidin blue stained 1 mm sections Same, electron microscopy
F. 5 months. Glioblastoma multiforme of left cerebral hemisphere (presumably congenital) F. 58 yr.  Giant cell glioblastoma with a component of conventional glioblastoma multiforme. Surgical specimen Same, giant cell part  - HE, Masson's trichrome Same, giant cell part - IH - glial markers, GFAP, VIM, S-100
Same, giant cell part - IH - neuronal markers, SNF, chromogranin, NF, class III beta-tubulin Same, giant cell part - IH - MAP2, CD34, Ki-67, p53 Same, conventional glioblastoma part  - HE Same, conventional glioblastoma part - IH - glial markers, GFAP, VIM
Same, conventional glioblastoma part - IH - neuronal markers, NF, MAP2, tubulin. Pictured - neoplastic infiltration among axons Same, conventional glioblastoma part - IH - CD34, Ki-67, p53 F. 64 yr.  Glioblastoma multiforme of pineal. HE. Text Same, IH
GLIOSARCOMA ...Neuroimaging.
M. 56 yr. Left temporal gliosarcoma. HE Same, special stains Same, IH. Text
M. 4 d. Congenital gliosarcoma at foramen of Monro. Smear, frozen sections, HE, special stains Same, IH Same, electron microscopy
M. 49 yr.  Gliosarcoma of left frontal lobe. Specimen, HE Same, special stains Same, IH : GFAP, VIM, 1A4, desmin Same, IH :  CD34, Ki67, p53
GRANULAR CELL ASTROCYTOMA OF BRAIN...Neuroimaging....
M. 68 yr.  Granular cell astrocytoma of brain. HE Same, special stains : Masson's trichrome, PAS Same, immunohistochemistry for GFAP Same, IH, VIM, nestin
Case summary, text
Same, IH, CD34  Same, IH, CD68, HAM-56  Same, IH, S-100, NF, CD99 Same, IH, Ki67, p53
Same, electron microscopy, glutaraldehyde-fixed Same, EM, from selected paraffin block
M. 59 yr.  Granular cell astrocytoma of brain. HE Same, IH, GFAP, VIM, S-100 Same, IH, CD34, Ki-67, p53
GLIOMATOSIS  CEREBRI...Neuroimaging....
Gliomatosis cerebri secondary to pontine anaplastic astrocytoma  Gliomatosis cerebri (anaplastic diffuse astrocytoma of rapid growth) F. 46 yr. Bilateral frontal gliomatosis cerebri involving genu of corpus callosum. HE, IH, text
PRIMARY EXTRACEREBRAL MENINGEAL GLIOMA...Neuroimaging....
M. 42 yr. Primary extracerebral meningeal glioma. HE Same, HE, Perls Same, IH, text
PILOCYTIC ASTROCYTOMA      .Text......Neuroimaging - cases....
For undergraduates: Neuropathology. Neuroimaging. 
Pilocytic astrocytoma with abundant Rosenthal fibers Cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma with classical biphasic pattern. Pictured: pilocytic area Cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma with classical biphasic pattern (another case). Pictured: microcystic area Pilocytic astrocytoma of temporal lobe. Pictured: protoplasmatic pattern. 
Pilocytic astrocytoma of cingulate gyrus.  Pictured: protoplasmatic pattern Pilocytic astrocytoma of temporal lobe. Pictured: vascular proliferation Pilocytic astrocytoma of frontal lobe with abundant capillary sprouting Aggressive cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma invading meninges. Pictured: pseudoglomeruli
Same, IH Pilocytic astrocytoma of spinal cord. Pictured: hyalinized vessels Cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma in the 8th decade. Pictured: hyalinized vessels.  HE, special stains, IH Same, electron microscopy
Pilocytic astrocytoma of optic chiasm and third ventricle. Pictured: component of diffuse astrocytoma with gemistocytic astrocytes. Cellular pilocytic  astrocytoma of basal cerebral hemisphere, with early recurrence.  Pilocytic astrocytoma of basal cerebral hemisphere with nuclear atypia and rapid growth Pilocytic astrocytoma of cerebellum with pronounced nuclear atypia
Anaplastic pilocytic astrocytoma of cerebellum in a 72 yr-old man, infiltrating cortex. Pictured: Ki67 labeled nuclei in molecular layer Pilocytic astrocytoma of cerebellum rich in Rosenthal fibers. Electron microscopy Pilocytic astrocytoma of chiasmatic region and third ventricle. Pictured: smear Pilocytic astrocytoma of midbrain and pons with cerebellar extension. Pictured: tumor invasion of perivascular Virchow-Robin spaces
Cystic frontal pilocytic astrocytoma 
with abundant vascular proliferation. Surgical specimen, HE		 Same, special stains Same, IH - GFAP Same, VIM, CD34, Ki-67
Pilocytic astrocytoma of midbrain. HE, special stains. Picture: leptomeningeal invasion and desmoplastic reaction Same, IH. Picture: leptomeningeal invasion M. 62 yr. Anaplastic pilocytic astrocytoma of right frontal lobe Same, IH
F. 15 yr. Pilocytic astrocytoma of cerebellum with abundant vascular proliferation. Surgical specimen, HE  Same, special stains Same, IH
M. 24 yr. Occipital pilocytic astrocytoma featuring grossly abnormal vessels, leptomeningeal and parenchymal infiltration and ventricular seeding. Macro, HE Same, special stains

Case summary

Text:  pilocytic astrocytomas

 Same, IH. Pictured: Rosenthal fibers Same, second specimen, HE. Pictured: leptomeningeal infiltration
Same, Masson's trichrome Same, IH. Pictured: leptomeningeal infiltration M. 63 yr. Cerebellar pilocytic astrocytoma with atypia and high Ki-67 index. HE. Pictured: oligodendroglioma-like tissue Same, IH. Pictured: high Ki-67 index in atypical area
M. 55 yr. Temporal pilocytic astrocytoma. HE. Pictured: protoplasmatic area with eosinophilic granular bodies  (EGBs) F. 66 yr. Pilocytic astrocytoma of cerebellar vermis in the 7th decade. HE. Pictured: hyalinized vessels
PLEOMORPHIC  XANTHOASTROCYTOMA ...Neuroimaging....
Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma  of left premotor area Left parieto-occipital pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma Left frontal pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma Pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma with lipomatous differentiation
Complex glioneuronal tumor:
xanthoastrocytoma-
ganglioglioma-
ependymoma		 Same,  xanthoastrocytoma component Same,  ganglioglioma component  Same, ependymoma component
Left parietal pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. HE, IH.  Anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma or  lipidized glioblastoma multiforme. HE, special stains Same, IH, comment M. 15 yr.  Non-Taylor cortical dysplasia - intracortical pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma (chance finding).  HE, IH
Solid-cystic  temporal
xanthoastrocytoma.  Glycogen deposits in tumor cells 		 Same,  PAS Same,  IH Same,  EM
M. 15 yr.  Occipital paraventricular pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. HE Same, special stains Same, immunohistochemistry : GFAP, VIM, NSE, NF Same, IH :  CD34, Ki67, p53
Same, recurrence after  five years. Specimen, HE, special stains. Text: connective tissue fibers Same, IH
SUBEPENDYMAL  GIANT  CELL  ASTROCYTOMA ...Neuroimaging....
For undergraduates: Neuropathology. 
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in tuberous sclerosis  Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma, HE, IH
M. 28 yr. Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA) unassociated with tuberous sclerosis. HE - smear, paraffin. Comment. Texts: SEGA, Tuberous sclerosis Same, IH glial markers Same, IH neuronal markers Same, IH nestin, EMA, CD34, Ki-67
OLIGODENDROGLIOMA ...Neuroimaging....For undergraduates:   Neuropathology. 
Oligodendroglioma with classical histological features Oligodendroglioma - HE, IH Oligodendroglioma with minigemistocytes Same, IH
Oligodendroglioma with minigemistocytes (another case)
OLIGOASTROCYTOMA...Neuroimaging....
Frontal oligoastrocytoma. HE, IH Left temporal oligoastrocytoma  with gliomatosis cerebri. HE, IH Well circumscribed frontal oligoastrocytoma. Surgical specimen, HE  Same, IH
M. 36 yr. Anaplastic oligoastrocytoma -  radiation brain necrosis after 5 years. 
Case summary
EPENDYMOMA ...Neuroimaging....For undergraduates:   Neuropathology. 
Classical ependymoma Anaplastic ependymoma  of third ventricle Spinal cellular ependymoma  Cellular pigmented ependymoma of fourth ventricle
Anaplastic ependymoma of fourth ventricle Same, recurrence after 4 years Anaplastic ependymoma of pineal region Same, eletron microscopy
Anaplastic ependymoma of cerebral hemisphere Same, IH Anaplastic ependymoma of cerebral hemisphere with lipomatous
differentiation		 Same, IH
M. 49 yr. Recurrent ependymoma of  foramen of Luschka featuring hyaline centered rosettes containing elastic fibers.  HE Same, special stains. Pictured : grainy elastic fibers in Verhoeff's stain Same, IH Same, EM, general features of ependymoma
Same, EM, clumps of elastic fibers at core of 'hyaline rosettes' F. 19 yr.  Cellular ependymoma  of posterior horn of lateral ventricle.  Surgical specimen, HE Same, IH Same, EM
M. 4 yr.  Tanycytic ependymoma of third ventricle and foramina of Monro. HE. Text Same, IH M. 6 yr. Right sided parieto-occipital tanycytic ependymoma. Macro specimen, HE, special stains Same, IH
F. 44 yr.  Tanycytic ependymoma of  lumbar spinal cord. HE Spinal ependymoma featuring numerous ependymal canals and rosettes.  HE
MYXOPAPILLARY  EPENDYMOMA ...Neuroimaging....
Myxopapillary ependymoma  - HE,  special stains Same, IH Myxopapillary ependymoma  (another case) - HE,  special stains, IH F. 26 yr. Myxopapillary ependymoma. HE
SUBEPENDYMOMA...Neuroimaging....
M. 56 yr. Subependymoma of lateral ventricle. Specimen, HE, special stains Same, IH, text Same, EM
F. 49 yr. Subependymoma of lateral ventricle. Macro, HE  Same, IH Same, EM
EPENDYMOBLASTOMA ...Neuroimaging....
Frontal ependymoblastoma. HE Same, IH Same, IH, text Same, EM
CHOROID PLEXUS PAPILLOMA ...Neuroimaging....
For undergraduates: Neuropathology. 
M. 11 yr. Choroid plexus papilloma of lateral ventricle  F. 36 yr. Choroid plexus papilloma of fourth ventricle. Macro, HE, special stains Same, IH Comparison between papilloma and carcinoma of choroid plexus. Text on choroid plexus tumors
CHOROID PLEXUS CARCINOMA  ...Neuroimaging....
For undergraduates: Neuropathology.
F. 1 yr 7 m. Choroid plexus carcinoma of lateral ventricle with  seeding through CSF pathways. Macro, HE Same, IH Same, EM Same case, area of normal choroid plexus.  HE, special stains, IH 
M. 3 month old. Choroid plexus carcinoma. HE Same, IH
Comparison between papilloma and carcinoma of choroid plexus. Text on choroid plexus tumors
ASTROBLASTOMA ...Neuroimaging....
M. 43 yr.  Right  parietal astroblastoma. HE Same, IH Same, IH, text
CHORDOID GLIOMA OF THIRD VENTRICLE...Neuroimaging....
F. 43 yr.  Chordoid glioma of third ventricle. HE Same, IH, text
GANGLIOCYTOMA...Neuroimaging....
Gangliocytoma / ganglioglioma of a cerebral gyrus - HE Same, LFB/Nissl Same, immunohistochemistry for astrocytes Same, immunohistochemistry for neurons
Same, comparative
GANGLIOGLIOMA...Neuroimaging....
Mesial temporal ganglioglioma  Temporal ganglioglioma  Frontal ganglioglioma Temporal ganglioglioma  associated with cortical dysplasia 
Ganglioglioma of isthmus of cingulate gyrus Same, recurring as glioblastoma multiforme after 5 years Desmoplastic ganglioglioma in an  adult, with calcospherites Classical ganglioglioma of middle temporal gyrus
Ganglioglioma  associated with dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor  (DNT). HE. Same, ganglioglioma, IH Same, DNT, IH for  neuronal antigens  Same, DNT, IH for  glial antigens and others
Same, DNT, area with feathery cells Ganglioglioma of left inferior temporal gyrus   + cortical dysplasia. Ganglioglioma, HE Same, ganglioglioma, IH Same, dysplastic cortex, HE
Same, dysplastic cortex, IH - VIM, CD34 Same, dysplastic cortex, IH - GFAP, NSE, NF, SNF Same, normal cortex, HE Ganglioglioma of spinal cord. HE, special stains
Same, IH Ganglioglioma of left frontal lobe. HE, special stains Same, IH for neurons Same, IH for glia
Ganglioglioma with  sarcomatous component.
HE, special stains		 Same, IH F. 29 yr.  Solid-cystic right parietal ganglioglioma with  features of xanthoastrocytoma. Macro, smears Same, HE
Same, special stains Same, IH - GFAP Same, IH - neuronal markers Same, IH - CD34, Ki-67
F. 32 yr. Solid-cystic ganglioglioma 
with pilocytic glial component in cerebellum. Specimen		 Same, HE Same, special stains Same, IH
Same, electron microscopy. Picture: hyaline granular body M. 22 yr.  Ganglioglioma of cerebellum. Specimen, HE, special stains Same, IH Same, EM (pictured - astrocytic processes rich in intermediate filaments)
F. 52 yr.  Anaplastic parietal ganglioglioma. Macro specimen, smear, scanned slides Same, HE Same, IH : glial markers (GFAP, VIM, S-100); nestin Same, neuronal markers, CD34, Ki67
M. 55 yr. Frontal ganglioglioma with pilocytic glial component. HE : smear, paraffin Same, IH : GFAP, VIM Same, IH : MAP2, chromogranin, NeuN, neurofilament Same, IH : nestin, CD34, Ki67
F. 45 yr. Left parietal ganglioglioma. HE. Pictured - multinucleated tumor cell Same, IH - glial markers, GFAP, VIM Same, IH - neuronal markers, SNF, NF, chromogranin, NeuN Same, IH  - MAP2, tubulin, CD34, Ki-67
M. 12 yr. Small solid ganglioglioma of right insula. HE. Pictured - abnormal neuron Same, IH - glial markers, GFAP, VIM Same, IH - neuronal markers, SNF, NF, chromogranin, NeuN Same, IH -  MAP2, tubulin, CD34, Ki-67
F. 51 yr. Solid-cystic ganglioglioma of right temporal and occipital regions. HE. Pictured - multinucleated tumor cell Same, IH - glial markers, GFAP, VIM Same, IH - neuronal markers, SNF, chromogranin, NF, NeuN Same, IH  - MAP2, tubulin, CD34, Ki-67
M. 25 yr.  Ganglioglioma exceptionally rich in eosinophilic granular bodies (EGBs). HE Same,  special stains Same, IH - SNF, NF. Pictured - binucleated neuron Same, IH - GFAP, VIM
Same, IH - CD34, Ki-67. Pictured -'feathery cell' F. 64 yr.  Bifrontal desmoplastic ganglioglioma with areas of central neurocytoma. Ganglioglioma component - gross specimen, smear, paraffin HE Same, special stains Same, immunohistochemistry for astrocytes - GFAP, VIM
Case summary Neurocytoma component
Same, IH for neurons - MAP2, NF Same, IH for neurons - chromogranin, synaptophysin, class III beta tubulin,  NeuN Same, IH - CD34, Ki67, p53 Same, electron microscopy - neurons
Same, EM - dendrites, axons, neuropil, synapses Same, EM - astrocytes, granular bodies, capillary
DESMOPLASTIC  INFANTILE  ASTROCYTOMA / GANGLIOGLIOMA 
(DIA / DIG)...Neuroimaging.
M. 1 yr. Desmoplastic infantile astrocytoma. HE, text Same, special stains Same, IH - GFAP, VIM, SNF Same, IH - CD34, 1A4, Ki-67, p53
M. 11 yr.  Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma. Text. M. 2 m. Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma F. 3 m. Desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma
.
CENTRAL NEUROCYTOMA ...Neuroimaging....
Central neurocytoma  Central neurocytoma, another case Heavily calcified central neurocytoma, HE, IH Central neurocytoma, another case
Central neurocytoma, another case, HE, IH. Pictured: astrocytic differentiation M. 24 yr.  Atypical central neurocytoma. HE, special stains. Pictured : atypical mitosis. Comment. Same, IH neuronal markers. Pictured : synaptophysin-positive perivascular pseudorosettes  Same, IH glial markers, CD34, Ki-67 (> 50%)
M. 35 yr. Central neurocytoma. HE. Text:  Central neurocytoma Same, IH neuronal markers, CD34 Same, IH glial markers, Ki-67 M. 26 yr.  Central neurocytoma. Same, HE, IH
F. 64 yr.  Central neurocytoma as component of a desmoplastic bifrontal
ganglioglioma		 Same, IH for astrocytes - GFAP, VIM Same, IH for neurons -  NF, chromogranin, synaptophysin Same, IH for neurons - MAP2, NeuN
Case summary Ganglioglioma component
Same, IH, nestin, CD34, Ki67, p53
DYSEMBRYOPLASTIC  NEUROEPITHELIAL TUMOR (DNT)...Neuroimaging....
M. 23 yr. Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor   (DNT). Text M. 3 yr. DNT associated with cortical dysplasia  M. 43 yr. DNT of gyrus rectus. HE Same, IH
F. 20 yr.  DNT of right superior frontal gyrus. HE. Text Same, Masson's trichrome Same, luxol fast blue - cresyl violet Same, IH for neurons - MAP2
Same, IH for neurons - NF, tubulin Same, IH for astrocytes - GFAP, VIM, S-100 Same, IH  - CD34, Ki67 M. 13 yr. DNT of left pre-central gyrus. HE - pictured :  perineuronal satellitosis
GLIONEURONAL TUMOR ...Neuroimaging....
Glioneuronal tumor with neuropil-like islands and focal transformation to glioblastoma multiforme - HE Same, immunohistochemistry for neuronal antigens Same, immunohistochemistry for glial antigens Same, electron microscopy
Same, area of glioblastoma multiforme, HE, IH.
PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR (PNET)...Neuroimaging....
Left temporal PNET M. 4 d.  Congenital PNET (primitive neuroectodermal tumor) of cerebral hemisphere with ependymal and neuroblastic differentiation. HE Same, IH F. 37 yr. Anaplastic primitive neuroectodermal tumor  (PNET) of left frontal lobe.  Specimen, smear, frozen sections
Same, paraffin sections, HE Same, IH (GFAP) Same, IH, other markers (pictured - positivity for chromogranin) Same, EM (pictured -  neuropil of fine tumor cell processes)
M. 29 yr. Left parietal primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). HE, reticulin  Same, IH : GFAP, VIM, S-100, NF, SNF, NSE, chromogranin Same, IH : CD56, CD99, EMA, CD34, Ki67, p53
F. 9 yr. Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). Specimen, HE  Same, special stains. Pictured : elastic fibers amid tumor cells Same, immunohistochemistry : GFAP, VIM Same, IH :  nestin, S-100, CD56
Same, IH : synaptophysin, chromogranin, NF, EMA Same, IH : AE1AE3,  1A4,  CD34,  Ki-67,  p53 Same, electron microscopy. Pictured : elastic fibers
F. 43 yr.  Supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET). First sample, HE Same, second sample, HE Same, special stains Same, immunohistochemistry for GFAP, VIM, nestin
Same, IH, tubulin (text), CD56, S-100, NF Same, IH, CD68, HAM-56,  CD3, CD20 Same, IH, CD34, 1A4, Ki67, p53 Same, electron microscopy
MEDULLOBLASTOMA ...Neuroimaging....
For undergraduates: Neuropathology...Neuroimaging. 
Desmoplastic medulloblastoma Desmoplastic medulloblastoma (another case) Desmoplastic medulloblastoma (another case) Desmoplastic medulloblastoma (another case)
Medulloblastoma of vermis, classical type, with spontaneous peritumoral hemorrhage. HE, IH.  Large cell medulloblastoma with multiple foci in cerebellum and spinal cord. Postmortem: macro, HE, Retic. Same, IH Desmoplastic
medulloblastoma. HE, special stains
Same, IH
MENINGIOMA ...Neuroimaging....By topography.....More cases
For undergraduates: Neuropathology. Neuroimaging. 
Meningothelial  meningioma infiltrating bone and soft tissues, causing hyperostosis Meningothelial  meningioma with rapid growth in young adult  Intraventricular atypical meningioma  Classical meningothelial  meningioma
Meningothelial meningioma infiltrating brain Fibroblastic meningioma with deposits of hematoidin crystals in necrotic areas Transitional meningioma of posterior fossa  - positivity for progesterone receptor Same, electron microscopy
Large parietal meningothelial/ transitional meningioma infiltrating brain  Same, IH Fibroblastic meningioma of spinal canal. HE, special stains Same, IH
Transitional meningioma  of olfactory groove.  HE, special stains, IH Frontobasal meningothelial meningioma.  HE, special stains, IH Frontoparietal fibroblastic meningioma. Macro, HE, special stains, IH Chordoid meningioma of right frontotemporal region. Macro, HE
Same, special stains, IH Lymphoplasmacyte-rich meningioma en plaque of orbital roof growing into basal cisterns. 10-year follow-up. HE, IH, text Secretory meningioma  of planum sphenoidale. HE, special stains Same, IH, text
Same, EM.   Pictured: pseudopsammomatous bodies Microcystic meningioma  of falx. Macro, HE Same, special stains Same, IH, text
Whorl-rich transitional meningioma.  Macro, HE, special stains Same, IH Angiomatous meningioma. Macro, HE, special stains Same, IH
Atypical meningioma. HE, special stains Same, IH. Text Meningioma originating in middle ear, HE, IH Same, intracranial extension after 4 years, HE, IH
Secretory meningioma of sphenoid wing with hyperostosis.  Intraosseous, intracranial and intraorbitary components, HE Same, PAS Same, EM F. 43 yr.  Meningioma of optic nerve sheath. Surgical specimen, HE
Same, special stains Same, IH F. 13 yr. Clear cell meningioma of posterior fossa. HE, special stains, text Same, IH
Same, electron microscopy M.  51 yr. Lipidized meningioma of sphenoid wing (with adipose metaplasia + secretory component). Macro, HE Same, special stains Same, IH
Case summary  »»

F. 29 yr.  Complex meningioma combining rhabdoid, papillary  and clear cell patterns.
Same, electron microscopy F. 42 yr. Recurrent chordoid meningioma invading frontal sinus. HE, IH Gross specimen, smear, frozen sections
Rhabdoid areas,
HE, special stains		 Rhabdoid areas, IH, text Rhabdoid areas, EM Papillary areas, 
HE, special stains
Papillary areas, IH, text Clear cell areas, 
HE, special stains		 Clear cell areas, IH Clear cell areas, EM
M. 49 yr.  Xanthomatous and  angiomatous meningioma. Gross specimen, HE Same, special stains Same, IH Same, EM
F. 66 yr. Meningioma with microcystic, xanthomatous, angiomatous and meningothelial parts. Gross specimen, HE Same, special stains Same, IH Same, EM
F. 75 yr. Fibroblastic 
meningioma of left lateral ventricle. Macro, HE		 M. 70 yr.  Atypical meningioma with intra and extracranial growth replacing left side of frontal bone.   HE - hipercellularity, small cells, prominent nucleoli  Same, IH.
Pictured: EMA positivity in tumor cell membranes.		 F. 63 yr. Giant meningioma of olfactory groove.   HE : nuclear palisading mimicking schwannoma
F. 57 yr. Meningioma en plaque of middle fossa infiltrating cavernous sinus and middle ear. 
HE : whorls in middle ear biopsy		 M. 51 yr. Secretory meningioma  at cerebello-pontine angle masquerading as  schwannoma on MRI. HE, special stains Same, IH.
M. 43 yr. Giant bilateral
fronto-parietal 
meningioma  with hyperostosis and brain compression (MRI  Feb 2008). Midline section through infiltrated bone, HE. 		 Same, intracranial tumor removed 4 years later.  Specimen weighed 290 g.  HE  M. 69 yr. Frontal meningioma  producing  hyperostosis and bone destruction. HE - intraosseous component. Extensive ischemic necrosis of tumor and bone trabeculae Same, HE - intracranial component. Cerebral infiltration
F. 68 yr.  Exophytic meningioma of lesser sphenoid wing with hyperostotic nodule at implantation. specimen, HE Same, Masson's trichrome Same, hyperostotic nodule under polarized light F. 56 yr.  Psammomatous meningioma of olfactory groove. HE
HEMANGIOPERICYTOMA...Neuroimaging....Text
M. 33 yr. Hemangiopericytoma of falx cerebri. Specimen, HE, special stains Same, IH, text Same, EM
M. 30 yr. Hemangiopericytoma of tentorium cerebelli. HE Same, special stains Same, IH Same, EM. Pictured - reticulin fibers
SOLITARY FIBROUS TUMOR OF THE  MENINGES...Neuroimaging....
Solitary fibrous tumor of meninges in the falx.  Text.   HE, special stains Same, IH Same, comparison to fibroblastic meningioma. Text Solitary fibrous tumor of meninges. HE, special stains, IH
Solitary fibrous tumor of meninges.  HE, special stains Same, IH Solitary fibrous tumor of meninges. Macro, HE, special stains Same, IH
F. 37 yr.  Intracranial solitary fibrous tumor developing multiple bone metastases 3 years after craniotomy. Primary tumor, HE Same, special stains Same, IH Same, vertebral metastasis at T11 with cord compression 3 years later. HE, special stains
Same, IH

SCHWANNOMA ...Neuroimaging....For undergraduates:   Neuropathology. Neuroimaging. 
Acoustic schwannoma  HE, special stains Same, IH Same, ME Cervical root schwannoma.  HE, IH
Retroperitonial schwannoma, HE, IH Schwannoma of cauda equina at conus medullaris. Macro, HE, special stains Same, IH
M. 27 yr. Schwannoma of trigeminal nerve root or of Gasserian ganglion. surgical specimen, HE Same, special stains Same, IH
M. 28 yr. Multiple schwannomas of cauda equina. Macro, HE, special stains Same, IH (picture, Antoni B pattern) Same, EM  (arrows, basal lamina enveloping Schwann cell)
NEUROFIBROMA....BImage bank....Texts (1) (2)
Cutaneous plexiform neurofibroma. Macro, HE Same, special stains Same, IH
GANGLIONEUROMA,  GANGLIONEUROBLASTOMA....Neuroimaging
For undergraduates: Endocrine Pathology .  Neuro image bank: Sympathetic ganglion
F. 26 yr. Retroperitoneal ganglioneuroblastoma, HE Same, IH for  neuronal antigens  Same, IH for glial antigens and others Same, recurrence after 6 years.  HE, IH. 
F. 20 yr. Epidural thoracic ganglioneuroblastoma. HE. Text. Same, IH F. 68 yr. Ganglioneuroma of mediastinum, HE, IH
NEUROBLASTOMA...Neuroimaging....
M. 40 yr. Olfactory neuroblastoma (esthesioneuroblastoma)
Surgical specimen, HE.		 Same, IH for neural markers Same, IH for non-neural markers Same, electron microscopy
M. 11 m.  Retroperitonial neuroblastoma  metastatic  to skull. Surgical specimen, HE. Same, IH M. 46 yr. 
Esthesioneuroblastoma causing frontal lobe hemorrhage. HE, IH. 
Pictured: Homer Wright rosette
NEUROENDOCRINE CARCINOMA ...Neuroimaging....
M. 52 yr.  Sinonasal neuroendocrine carcinoma. Specimen, HE.  Text.  Same, IH : epithelial markers,  vimentin Same, IH : neural markers
..
HEMANGIOBLASTOMA...Neuroimaging....
Classical spinal hemangioblastoma  Spinal hemangioblastoma. Another case Cerebellar hemangioblastoma, HE, IH Cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Another case, macro
Spinal hemangioblastoma, macro
LYMPHOMA...Neuroimaging....
Non-Hodgkin large B-cell lymphoma of cerebral hemisphere Non-Hodgkin large B-cell lymphoma of cerebral hemisphere in  AIDS Primary  B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of occipital bone. HE, IH
Text		 Recurrent Hodgkin's lymphoma in thoracic vertebrae and soft tissues, causing root compression. HE, IH
B-cell lymphoma of cerebellum and pituitary. HE, special stains, IH Systemic T/NK cell lymphoma masquerading as multiple sclerosis. Postmortem examination of brain and spinal cord Same, brain, HE - lymphoma Same, spinal cord, HE - lymphoma
Same, spinal cord, HE - other findings. Pictured: cerebellar tonsil herniation down to midthoracic cord Same, spinal cord, IH - lymphoma Same, other organs, HE.  Pictured: lymphomatous infiltration of spleen arterioles Same, endocardium, IH. Pictured: nuclear positivity for Epstein-Barr virus encoded RNAs (EBER)
F. 27 yr. Diffusely infiltrating, non contrast enhancing B-cell lymphoma. HE Same, IH F. 60 yr. Primary dural lymphoma with extracranial extension. 12-year follow-up. HE Same, IH. Text :  inflammatory pseudotumor
F. 56 yr. Marginal zone non Hodgkin B-cell lymphoma of skull base at left cavernous sinus. HE, IH,  Texts.  F. 42 yr. Centroencephalic diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. HE, IH. Text. F. 52 yr.  B cell lymphoma of dura mater, occipital bone and soft tissues. HE, IH 
MULTIPLE  MYELOMA / PLASMACYTOMA...Neuroimaging....
M. 59 yr. Multiple myeloma of spine F. 45 yr.  Plasmacytoma of skull base, HE - smear, frozen and paraffin sections. Text.  Same, IH Same, electron microscopy
M. 61 yr. Skull base plasmacytoma (occipital and temporal bones). HE, IH
HISTIOCYTOSES... Neuroimaging....
Non Langerhans histiocytosis  of skull base and sellar region. HE, IH Non Langerhans histiocytosis  of meninges and brain. HE, IH Langerhans histiocytosis (eosinophil granuloma) of skull and sternum. HE, IH. Text M. 63 yr. Langerhans cell histiocytosis of orbit.  HE. Texto.
Same, IH Same, EM M. 37 yr. Langerhans cell histiocytosis of spinal canal C7-T1, HE Same, IH
METASTASES ...Neuroimaging....For undergraduates:  Neuropathology. Neuroimaging. 
Cerebral metastasis of neuroendocrine carcinoma Metastatic breast carcinoma in posterior fossa Cerebral metastasis of malignant melanoma Cerebral metastasis of adenocarcinoma of colon
Multiple metastases of adenoid cystic carcinoma affecting the spine Cerebellar metastasis of neuroendocrine carcinoma F. 75 yr.  Occipital metastasis of follicular carcinoma of thyroid. 4-year history. HE, IH M. 11 m.  Retroperitonial neuroblastoma  metastatic  to skull. Surgical specimen, HE.
Same, IH F. 15 yr.  Metastases of choriocarcinoma (primary in hydatiform mole). Surgical specimen M. 22 yr.  Metastases of choriocarcinoma (primary in mediastinum).  Surgical specimen, HE Same, IH
M. 60 yr.  Metastases of lung adenocarcinoma. HE Same, IH
F. 68 yr. Skull metastasis of follicular adenocarcinoma of thyroid. Macro, HE Same, IH Same, EM
M. 59 yr. Metastatic neuroendocrine carcinoma in cerebral hemisphere. HE, special stains Same, IH F. 75 yr. Metastatic adenocarcinoma in sphenoid wing mimicking meningioma on MRI. HE Same, IH
M. 60 yr. Metastatic melanoma in genu of corpus callosum mimicking butterfly glioma. HE Same, IH. 
Pictured: HMB-45 positivity in isolated tumor cell
CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA ...Neuroimaging....For undergraduates:   Endocrine Pathology
Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma  Papillary
craniopharyngioma		 Papillary
craniopharyngioma - squamous epithelium		 Papillary
craniopharyngioma - cubic epithelium
M. 44 yr. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma -  macro specimen under stereomicroscope Same, HE, tumor epithelium Same, HE, bone metaplasia, pilocytic gliosis. Text:  craniopharyngiomas  Same, ghost cells and bone in polarized light
Same, special stains (Masson's trichrome, von Kossa for calcium) Same, electron microscopy M. 54 yr.   Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. Macro specimens, HE Same, special stains (Masson's trichrome, Gomori's silver for reticulin)
Same, immunohistochemistry Same, electron microscopy M. 44 yr. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma extending into frontal lobes. Macro specimen, HE (picture, cyst wall) F. 31 yr. Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma. Cholesterol crystals in polarized light
M. 31 yr. Pilocytic gliosis in tissue submitted as craniopharyngioma (no tumor tissue found).  Text: alpha B-crystallin Same, IH: Pilocytic gliosis - GFAP, HAM-56, CD68 Same, IH: Pilocytic gliosis -  CD34, AE1AE3, EMA, Ki-67
M. 28 yr. Papillary craniopharyngioma. HE Same, Masson's trichrome
EPIDERMOID / DERMOID CYSTS ...Neuroimaging....
Classical epidermoid cyst Ruptured epidermoid cyst with calcifications and gliosis M. 33 yr.  Epidermoid cyst of right choroid fissure. Macro, HE, Text M. 25 yr. 
Dermoid cyst (mature cystic teratoma) of sellar region. Macro, HE, Text
M. 64 yr. Dermoid cyst  (mature teratoma) in cerebellar vermis + posterior fossa arachnoid cyst. Specimen, HE
PITUITARY ADENOMAS   ...Neuroimaging....For undergraduates:   Endocrine Pathology
GH-secreting pituitary adenoma Pituitary oncocytoma (null cell adenoma, oncocytic variant). HE, IH, ME, texts: normal adenohypophysis,  adenomas, oncocytomas M. 49 yr. Giant invasive pituitary adenoma infiltrating skull base and nasopharynx. HE  Same, IH
F. 44 yr.  Ectopic invasive pituitary adenoma in sphenoid sinus and nasal cavity. Specimen, HE. Pictured - nuclear atypia. Text Same, special stains. Pictured : mucus filled nasal glands trapped within the adenoma Same, IH. Pictured : positivity for growth hormone in adenoma cells M. 44 yr. Oncocytoma (null cell adenoma) of  pituitary. HE
Same, IH. TSH  detectable in few cells, other hormones negative Same, EM. Tumor cell rich in abnormal mitochondria, rare secretory granules
TUMORS  OF  THE PINEAL  REGION 
GERMINAL  TUMORS...Neuroimaging........Texts (1) (2)
Germinoma of pineal  Germinoma of  pineal. HE, IH  M. 19 yr. Germinoma of  pineal. HE, IH   M. 29 yr.  Germinoma of pineal. Specimen, HE
Same, IH - PLAP, c-kit, b-HCG, AE1AE3.   Texts: PLAP, c-kit Same, IH - CD20, CD3, vimentin, Ki-67 M. 21 yr. Germinoma of  hypothalamic region infiltrating bone. HE, special stains, IH F. 16 yr. Germinoma of  hypothalamic region disseminating to IV ventricle. HE
M. 17 yr. Germinoma of pineal with non caseating, epithelioid cell granulomas. HE Same, IH -  PLAP, c-kit, CD3, CD20, CD68 Same, IH - VIM, AE1AE3, GFAP, NF, Ki-67, p53
M. 5 yr. Teratoma  (dermoid cyst) of pineal. Macro specimen Same, HE
PINEAL  PARENCHYMAL TUMORS, OTHERS...Neuroimaging.....Text.
M. 42 yr.  Pineocytoma. Text F. 24 yr. Pineocytoma F. 56 yr. Pineocytoma, HE  Same, IH
Same, EM F. 20 yr. Pineoblastoma, HE.  Text F. 14 yr. Pineoblastoma, HE, special stains Same, IH
F. 64 yr.  Glioblastoma multiforme of pineal. HE. Text Same, IH
M. 9 yr. Pineal cyst. Specimen, HE.  Text Same, IH F. 58 yr. Three-lobed cyst of pineal. HE, IH
CHORDOMA ...Neuroimaging....Text
Classical chordoma Chordoma of clivus - bone infiltration Chordoma of clivus. Transnasal biopsy, HE, IH Same, postmortem, HE
Chordoma of 5th lumbar vertebra extending into spinal canal.  HE, special stains Same, IH Sacral chordoma with massive recurrence after 6 years. Macro, HE
PARAGANGLIOMAS ...Neuroimaging....Text
Carotid body paraganglioma, HE Carotid body paraganglioma (another case), HE, special stains, IH Jugulotympanic paraganglioma, HE, special stains, IH F. 52 yr. Gangliocytic paraganglioma of cauda equina. MRI, HE, special stains
Same, IH Same, EM F. 54 yr. Paraganglioma of cauda equina. Macro, HE, special stains Same, IH. Text : spinal paragangliomas 
BONE TUMORS ...Neuroimaging....For undergraduates
M. 23 yr. Giant cell tumor of sacrum and lumbar vertebrae.  HE.  Text F. 16 yr. Aneurysmal bone cyst of sacrum. HE.  Text M. 27 yr.  Occipital aneurysmal bone cyst. Gross specimen, scanned slides. Text.  Same, HE -  membranous septa
Same, HE - new bone deposition at septa F. 31 yr. Osteosarcoma of clivus secondary to irradiation for craniopharyngioma. HE M. 42 yr.  Chondroma of skull base at petrous apex / cavernous sinus. HE, IH, text F. 17 yr.  Skull base chondroblastoma (temporal bone). HE - pictured - chondroblasts among chicken wire like calcifications. Text 
Same, IH
LEIOMYOMA...Neuroimaging.
F. 71 yr. Extradural spinal leiomyoma. HE, Masson's trichrome, reticulin Same, IH. Texts: vimentin, intermediate filaments  Same, EM
MELANOCYTOMA.....Neuroimaging....
Melanocytoma of sellar region. Six-year follow-up Same, IH, EM
PERIPHERAL PRIMITIVE NEUROECTODERMAL TUMOR  (pPNET)
...Neuroimaging....
F. 21 yr. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) of cervical nerve root. Text F. 37 yr. Ewing's sarcoma / peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) of lumbar nerve roots invading vertebrae.HE, special stains, IH M. 21 yr. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) of lumbar nerve roots with paravertebral soft tissue extension Same, IH
M. 26 yr. Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) of cauda equina. Macro, HE, special stains Same, IH (picture, infiltrated nerve root) F. 15 yr. pPNET (peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor) / Ewing's sarcoma of spinal epidural space (T11-T12). HE Same, IH
SARCOMA.....Neuroimaging....
M. 17 yr. Primary myxoid sarcoma of brain. Early lesion in left parietal lobe.  HE, IH Same, second recurrence after 3 years as high grade undifferentiated sarcoma. HE, IH Same, third recurrence after 4 years at left frontal lobe. Specimen, HE Same, Masson's trichrome
Case summary
Same, IH Same, EM M. 21 yr.  Primary meningeal sarcoma with polyphenotypic antigen expression. HE Same, special stains
Same, IH, muscle antigens, vimentin Same, IH, epithelial antigens Same, IH, neural antigens Same, IH - CD34, Ki-67, p53
..
..
MALFORMATIONS, MIGRATION DEFECTS ...Neuroimaging....
Grey matter heterotopia Cortical dysplasia,  Taylor type Cortical dysplasia,  Taylor type, another case Cortical dysplasia associated with ganglioglioma 
Cortical dysplasia,  Taylor type, another case Cortical dysplasia,  non-Taylor type  M. 15 yr.  Non-Taylor cortical dysplasia + incidental pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma. Temporal lobectomy, gross, HE Same, dysplastic cortex and white matter, HE
Case summary
Same, GFAP. Pictured: gliosis of molecular layer Same, VIM Same, S100, CD34, NSE. Pictured: abnormal neuron /astrocyte relationship Same, intracortical pleomorphic
xanthoastrocytoma, (chance finding). HE, IH
Polymicrogyria and cystic leukomalacia F. 40 yr. Frontoethmoidal (frontonasal) cephalocele. HE, Masson's trichrome Same, IH F. 5 yr.
Frontoethmoidal (fronto-orbital) cephalocele.  HE, Masson's trichrome
Lumbar myelomeningocele. HE, special stains Same, IH Normal skin adjacent to myelomeningocele.  IH
..
CYSTS, HAMARTOMAS, OTHERS  ...Neuroimaging....
Congenital arachnoid cyst F. 27 yr. Intradiploic arachnoid cyst. HE, text M. 45 yr. Cervical epidural meningeal cyst. Specimen, HE, text F. 15 yr. Multiple epidural meningeal cysts. Specimen, HE
F. 45 yr. Spinal enterogenous cyst M. 24 yr. Spinal enterogenous cyst. HE, special stains Same, IH Same, EM
F. 37 yr.  Rathke's cleft cyst. HE, special stains. Image bank M. 25 yr.  Hypothalamic hamartoma. Specimen, HE Same, IH, text F. 3 yr.  Hypothalamic  hamartoma. HE
..
OTHER  DISEASES...Neuroimaging....
Late pseudotumoral necrosis after gamma knife irradiation for cavernoma Radiation induced pseudotumoral brain necrosis 5 years after oligoastrocytoma. Surgical specimen, HE.
Case summary		 Same, special stains Same, immunohistochemistry
Radiation necrosis 9 months after RT for glioblastoma multiforme. HE, Masson's trichrome Same, immunohistochemistry Amputation neuroma. Macro, HE, special stains, IH
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