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| Updated 6/6/20 | e-mails : gradanat@unicamp.br____gradanat@yahoo.com.br |
| For undergraduates | Normal nerve tissue and
pathological reactions |
Vascular | Trauma |
| Inflammation | Tumors | ||
| see also MUSEUM SPECIMENS, SLIDES | |||
| Additional pages | Normal anatomy | Normal tissue and pathological reactions | Inflammation |
| Degenerative, demyelinating diseases, malformations | Tumors | ||
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| Normal nervous tissue and basic pathological reactions | |||
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| Normal nervous tissue. General pathology of neurons and glia | Normal cerebral cortex - electron microscopy | Recent ischemic lesion - HE, immunohistochemistry | Lysosomal storage disorders |
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| Alzheimer's disease | Brain edema, herniations, hydrocephalus | Massive cerebellar herniation into spinal subarachnoid space down to midthoracic level | |
| Vascular pathology | |||
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| Cerebral atherosclerosis | Infarctions | Venous thrombosis | Fat embolism |
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| Cerebral hemorrhage | Congenital aneurysms | Atherosclerotic aneurysms | |
| Trauma | |||
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| Skull fractures and cerebral contusions | Traumatic hematomas | Chronic subdural hematoma (incidental autopsy finding) | |
| Inflammatory Pathology | |||
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| Viral encephalitides | Creutzfeldt-Jakob's disease | Purulent meningitis, abscess, empyema | Neurotuberculosis, neurosyphilis |
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| Mycoses | Congenital toxoplasmosis | Cysticercosis | |
| Tumors | |||
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| Astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme - macro specimens | Astrocytomas and glioblastoma multiforme - microscopy | Medulloblastoma | Meningioma |
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| Schwannoma | Metastases | ||
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| Normal Anatomy | |||
| Basic
Atlas of Human Neuroanatomy
Dept of
Structural and Functional Biology
Dept of
Pathology
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| Atlas
of the human brain in coronal sections
Collaboration Dept of
Pathology
Dept of
Structural and Functional Biology
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| Atlas
of Macroscopic
Neuroanatomy for Pathologists Alphabetical index of structures with links to pictures (in Portuguese) |
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| Normal adult brain, external appearance | Cerebral arteries and circle of Willis | Cranial nerves | |
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| Cerebellum and brain stem in axial sections | Adult brain in axial sections | Single axial section, another specimen | Adult brain in coronal sections |
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| Adult brain, midline structures | Adult brain in paragittal sections | Brain of normal newborn at term | Brain of premature infant |
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| Normal skull base and orbit (bone specimens) | Sphenoid bone | Skull base with dura mater and cranial nerve roots | Comparison of anatomical specimens, CT and MRI of nasal cavity and frontal region (to illustrate cases of esthesioneuroblastoma) |
| Anatomy of
skull.
Series of 11 axial sections of intact head, brain in situ, injected arteries. |
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| Anatomy of skull. Axial sections of intact head, brain in situ. Arteries not injected. | Axial CT scan of normal skull base, bone settings | Anatomy of skull. Coronal sections of intact head, brain in situ. - complete 12 double-faced slice series | Normal skull in coronal CT, soft tissue settings |
| Anatomy of the Skull and Brain in Coronal Sections. Correlation between anatomical specimens, histology, computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). |  |
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| Normal skull in coronal CT, bone settings | Normal skull in coronal MRI, T1-SE (spin echo) | Normal skull in coronal MRI, T1-IR (inversion recovery) and T2 (comparative series) | Normal cerebral digital angiography |
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| Normal arterial MRA (magnetic resonance angiography) | Normal arterial MRA (another case) | Normal venous MRA | Normal venous MRA (another case) |
| Atlas of
middle and inner ear
Dept of
Structural and Functional Biology
Dept of
Pathology
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| HE | LFB-Nissl | MAP2 | |
| Atlas of the normal human hippocampus |  |
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| Neurofilament | Synaptophysin | Chromogranin | GFAP |
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| Vimentin | CD34 | CD68 | HAM56 |
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Texts (in Portuguese): |
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| Normal nervous tissue and basic pathological reactions | |||
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| Motor cerebral cortex, HE. Pictured - giant pyramidal neurons of Betz | Visual cerebral cortex, HE. Pictured - granular neurons and columns of afferent axons | Cerebral cortex, LFB - Nissl | Cerebral cortex, IH for MAP2 |
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| Cerebral cortex, IH for NeuN | Cerebral cortex, IH for GFAP | Cerebral cortex, IH for VIM | Cerebral cortex, electron microscopy |
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| Medulla oblongata - immunohistochemistry | Pineal - HE, IH | Choroid plexus and ependyma from autopsy. HE, IH | Choroid plexus - biopsy. HE, IH |
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| Cerebellum - HE | Cerebellum (dog) - LFB/Nissl | Cerebellum - IH for glial antigens: GFAP, VIM, S100 | Cerebellum - IH for neuronal antigens: NSE, NF, SNF |
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| M. 22 yr. Lhermitte-Duclos disease, area of normal cerebellum. HE, LFB-Nissl | Same, IH for MAP2, NeuN, NF, synaptophysin | Same, IH for GFAP, S100, CD34 | Spinal cord |
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| Normal sensory ganglion, HE, Masson, reticulin | Normal sensory ganglion, IH | Cauda equina | Spinal nerve root |
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| Filum terminale | Sympathetic ganglion | Normal human median nerve. HE, Masson's trichrome, IH for neurofilament and S100 | Normal small nerve of ocular conjunctiva, electron microscopy |
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| Normal human skeletal muscle, electron microscopy | Normal temporal artery, HE, Masson's trichrome, Verhoeff | Corpora amylacea | Periventricular leukomalacia, HE, GFAP, VIM |
| Normal human sympathetic ganglion | |||
| HE | Masson's trichrome, neurons | Same, sympathetic nerves | Reticulin |
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| PAS | LFB-Nissl | MAP2 | NF |
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| SMI-32 | Synaptophysin | Chromogranin | S-100 |
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| Normal human sensory ganglion | ||
| HE. Normal posterior root (sensory) ganglion. Globose unipolar neurons amid axons and connective tissue. | Sensory neuron. Central nucleus with nucleolus, abundant cytoplasm without dendrites, surrounded by satellite cells. | Myelinated axons in herringbone pattern |
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| Masson. Sensory neuron | Myelinated axons in herringbone pattern | Reticulin. Reticulin fibers surrounding neurons and axons. |
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| NF. Neurofilament protein positive in neurons and axons | S-100.
Positive in nuclei and cytoplasm of Schwann and satellite cells. Weakly positive in neurons. |
Vimentin.
Positive in cytoplasm of Schwann cells, satellite cells and connective tissue. Negative in neurons. |
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| CD56. Positive in cytoplasm of Schwann cells, satellite cells, negative in neurons and myelin | CD57. Positive in myelin sheaths, negative in neurons and satellite cells | CD34. Positive only in capillaries, regative in neural elements |
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| This posterior root ganglion was excised unintentionally during surgery for a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of L4 spinal root. See MRI and tumor histology (1)(2) | ||
| Inflammatory Pathology....See also Inflammations Image Bank | |||
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| Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy | Cerebral aspergillosis. Macro (from inflammations image bank) | Same, HE | Same, Grocott |
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| Systemic aspergillosis. Macro (from inflammations image bank) | Same, Grocott + HE | Cerebral chromomycosis (cladosporiosis). HE | Same, Grocott + hematoxylin |
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| Same, Grocott + light green, Masson's trichrome. Text | |||
| Demyelinating,
degenerative diseases
See also Neuroimaging, Neuropathology |
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| Multiple sclerosis - macroscopical PM specimens | Multiple sclerosis - scanned microscopical slides | Multiple sclerosis - microscopy | Multiple sclerosis - macro/microscopical comparisons. Text |
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| Adrenoleukodystrophy. Pictured : massive demyelination of frontal white matter sparing U fibers | Metachromatic leukodystrophy. Sulphatide storage in facial nerve nucleus in pons | Metachromatic leukodystrophy. Sulphatide storage in macrophages in cerebellar white matter | Sudanophilic leukodystrophy. Cavitating demyelination of frontal white matter and ventricular dilatation |
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| Sudanophilic leukodystrophy. Demyelination of temporal white matter sparing U fibers | Krabbe's globoid cell leukodystrophy - 3 cases. Demyelination of occipital white matter sparing U fibers | Krabbe's globoid cell leukodystrophy. Globoid cells (macrophages) in cerebellar white matter | Pelizaeus - Merzbacher's leukodystrophy. Tigroid appearance of cerebral white matter |
| Leukodystrophies - Illustrated linked text (in Portuguese) | |||
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| Alexander's leukodystrophy. Megalencephaly; softened friable hemispheric white matter | Alexander's leukodystrophy. Abundant Rosenthal fibers in lumbar spinal cord | Canavan's leukodystrophy. Spongy degeneration of hemispheric white matter | M. 5 yr. Merosin deficient congenital muscular dystrophy and leukodystrophy. Muscle biopsy. Brain MRI |
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| Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or motor neuron disease - macroscopical PM specimens, scanned microscopical slides | Same, microscopy. Text | Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease.
Post mortem examination of brain |
Creutzfeldt-Jakob
disease. Another case,
autopsy findings |
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| Same, HE. Text | F. 81 yr. Senile plaques at hippocampus. HE, special stains | Same, Congo red and polarized light | Same, IH |
| Malformations See also Neuroimaging, Neuropathology | |||
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| Polymicrogyria. Text | |||
| Tumors | |||
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| Optic nerve glioma (pilocytic astrocytoma) | Oligodendroglioma | Ependymoma | Myxopapillary ependymoma |
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| Choroid plexus papilloma | Neurofibromatosis | Tuberous sclerosis | Hemangioblastoma |
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| Colloid cyst of third ventricle. Text | Rathke's cleft cyst. Text. Hyperprolactinemia Text. | Chordoma. Text | Tumors of the pineal. Texts (1)(2) |
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| Brain stem gliomas | Lhermitte-Duclos disease (dysplastic gangliocytoma of cerebellum). Pictured : transition between normal and dysplastic cerebellar cortex. Text | ||